California labor laws are every employee friendly....

California labor laws are every employee friendly. California labor laws are more beneficial to the employees than federal labor law; therefore, it supersedes the federal law most of the time. In some cases, however, both federal and California labor laws support each other with certain laws such as harassment, family medical leave, and Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) to name a few. In my career in human resources, I have investigated hundreds of discrimination and harassment claims, specifically sexual harassment claims. Harassment claims can be very difficult to prove particularly when dealing with â€Å"he said, she said.† All harassment claims regardless of the evidence or lack thereof, must be investigated and must be taken seriously.†¦show more content†¦The behavioral and chemical dependency hospital I worked for was 70-bed hospital employed mental health technicians, nurses, social workers and doctors. One day I received a call from one of our mental hea lth technicians who informed me that her colleague is â€Å"having an affair† with one of our patients. According to the claim, the night shift mental health technician witnessed what seemed to be a shadow of the technician performing inappropriate sexual acts with the patient. Two of our technicians supposedly witnessed the incident during their night shift. One witness stated that our technician made a comment about being in love with the teenager. After learning of the incident, I tried to reach out to the accused to understand her side; however, I was unable to reach her because she has been calling in sick. I later learned that the patient involved was only 16 years old and our mental health technician was in her early thirties. The sixteen year old patient was released from out hospital shortly after I learned about the incident and some claimed that our mental health technician picked her up and took her in. I reached out to the technician once again to start my investigation and I was successful in setting up a meeting with her. She arrived thirty minutes before and seemed very upset when she came into the office and said â€Å"I quit† slamming her hand on my desk andShow MoreRelatedThe Laws And The Law1282 Words   |  6 Pagesinto law, similar to Hobbes. The fact that Bentham thought that a governments law is final does not mean that this ruling entity has absolute power. Bentham felt that the power within the government should be divided and thereby giving no one section too much power, allowing all entities of a sovereign to govern equally. Moreover, these ideas would be backed by sanctions to positively enforce the law allowing people to receive some sort or social reward for following the rules and provide a punishmentRead MoreThe Laws Of The Law1814 Words   |  8 PagesThere is no absolute definition of law to describe what the law actually is. 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Kant Formulas of Universal Law and Humanity - 1575 Words

Karthik Keni William Reckner Philosophy 22 30 November 2010 Kant: Formulas of Universal Law and Humanity Kant’s philosophy was based around the theory that we have a moral unconditional obligation and duty that he calls the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† He believes that an action must be done with a motive of this moral obligation, and if not done with this intention then the action would hold no moral value. Under this umbrella of the â€Å"Categorical Imperative† he presents three formulations that he believes to be about equal in importance, relevance, and could be tested towards any case. The first formulation known as the Formula of Universal Law consists of a methodical way to find out morality of actions. The second formulation is known as†¦show more content†¦It would be impossible to follow such a rule of not utilizing people as means towards an end, however this formulation is trying to emphasize that all rational beings must be treated never as a mere means but as the supreme limiting condition in the use of all means†¦as an end at the same time. Instead of seeing other rational beings as just tools towards a personal goal, we should see the benefit of others and â€Å"Humanity† as our end objective, rather than the means. Kant truly introduces the idea of respect in the formulation because it seems genuinely wrong to treat other rational humans as mere means with no other kind of value. One has to recognize, even with the significance of oneself having desires and treating oneself as the end, that what makes me unique as a logical and thinking being also resides in everyone else. Thus we determine that everyone else must also see themselves as ends and my means to my ends are no more significant than another rational being. In the case of the doctor’s moral dilemma, the Formula of Humanity would be the same answer because of various reasons. First, Kant is a firm believer in not being deceitful and thus the doctor should follow the moral action of telling the truth. The formulation also preaches that we should recognize that others are a basis of value by treating their chosen ends as good, and following their happiness as they see it. 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The Freedom Writers Diary Free Essays

The Freedom Writers Essay- Chloe Taylor How are different cultures represented in Freedom Writers? What values and attitudes do we draw from the film and its background? Cultures are shown and exposed to us in various ways everyday. Different cultures are represented in different ways in the Western Society. In the movie Freedom Writers, we witness this cultural conflict on a first hand basis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Freedom Writers Diary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Urban youths in Freedom Writers heavily rely on respect to judge others. They also judge based on each other’s cultural back ground. Later in the film, these same teenagers begin to value education and the sense of belonging in school, rather than belonging in gangs. Gangs and groups are a part of the Western Society that we have had to learn to accept in our lives. In the feature film Freedom Writers, we are shown gangs divided up into cultures and cultural backgrounds. This has built up a lot of tension between cultures and attitudes towards other gangs. The scene in which all the students enter room 203 and take seats into their separate corners of the room divided into their certain corners of the room shows the division between students in a real life. We see a long shot of the whole classroom showing its layout and the segregation between gangs. Then multiple mid-shots are shown of the gang itself and its individual members to decipher the multiple gangs, their attitudes towards school and their way of life. Even though the students start their school year with an attitude of ignorance towards other cultures they begin to learn the value of each individual and change their point of view and their gangs and cooperate with their cultures. People may argue that respect is something that has to be earned, it is not automatic. In the 1992 Los Angeles’s race riots, respect was something that was taken for granted, as it was essential for their society. In Freedom Writers, Ms Gruwell demanded respect immediately. Not surprisingly the students refused to give it to her and why should they of, they didn’t know anything about Ms Gruwell. Towards the end of the film we see that Ms Gruwell has gradually gained the respect she wanted from her class. We are shown this in a first hand basis as Andre, a gang member, calls Ms Gruwell ‘Mam’. She takes this as an offence and claims she is not anyone’s mother; Eva soon corrects her and states that it was a ‘sign of respect to you’. This scene is shown to us by a series of close up shots of Andre, Ms Gruwell and Eva. This is purposely done to capture the changing emotion in the characters face. The students of room 203 value Ms Gruwell not only as a teacher and a person and this is reflected in their attitude and behaviour. We all know what racism is and have most likely been subjected to it or witnessed it at one time in our lives. Racism is more prominent in schools and work places although random attacks of racist acts can also be seen in the streets or at public places where the offender and the victim may not even know each other. In the feature film Freedom Writers, every student at Long Beach either dishes out racist comments or receives them. When all of the ‘unteachable’ students get integrated into the same class we see this clash of cultures collide. A racist caricature is drawn of one of the African-American students and the rest of the students find it amusing. Ms Gruwell takes the picture and compares it to the Jews during the holocaust. Erin was greeted with dumb-founded looks only to find out the kids didn’t know what the holocaust was yet they acted out their lives in a similar racist manner. This scene is shown by using close ups of Ms Gruwell and the victim of the caricature, Jamal. We see Ms Gruwell looking horrified and Jamal’s expression looking embarrassed. We are also shown mid-shots of the whole class to show their expressions and they seem amused and proud of themselves. Towards the end of the movie the students do not lash out any forms of racism at one another and instead treat each other as good friends. At the end of Freedom Writers, the students have accepted and value each other as individual people not of their cultural back ground. Ms Gruwell gained the respect she earned from devoting her life to teach these children. During this essay I have explored the movie Freedom Writers and how factors like gangs, respect and racism can have such an impact on peoples lives. It can change peoples values on life and their attitudes and behaviours towards things and that is what we draw from the film. How to cite The Freedom Writers Diary, Essay examples

Role Of Accounting In Standard Setting

Questions: 1. Are the Annual Reports in Compliance with the Conceptual Framework and AASB Standard requirements? 2.How the Conceptual Framework Revision to include Prudence is likely to address the disparity in Corporate Reporting is a requirement in your analysis.3.Compare and Contrast the two Annual Reports, identify the differences in Disclosures of these Corporations. Answers: Introduction The present report consists of analysis on different aspects of annual report of two companies based in Australia and listed on Australian Stock Exchange by considering the recent years financial report. The chosen organizations belong to the retailing industry Harvey Norman and its competitor Woolworths Limited (Harveynorman.com.au 2016) (Woolworths 2016). The study covers the analysis on compliance of conceptual framework along with the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) standard requirements for recognizing financial information. The report includes the concept of accounting role in setting standard, international accounting and measuring accounting along with the capital market and normative accounting. Additionally, prudence level addressing the disparity in corporate reporting for the selected companies has been evaluated while identifying the differences in financial report disclosures. Discussion Background of the organizations Harvey Norman, based on Australia, is a large multinational retailing organization deals in furniture, computers, bedding and other diversified products as electronic gadgets. The company has been founded in 1982 by Gerry Harvey and Ian Norman having the headquarters in Australia (Harveynorman.com.au 2016). Currently, the organization has around 194 locations while the current revenue amounted to $5.3 billion and operating income amounted to $523 million (Harveynorman.com.au 2016). Woolworths Limited is considered a strong competitor of Harvey Norman and is a second largest retailer in Australia founded in the year 1924 founded primarily by Percy Christmas and Stanley Chatterton. The current value of the organization has been $30.2 billion while the operating income $1.6 billion and number of locations more than 3,800 in the region of Australia (Woolworths 2016). The significant business of the organization includes Australian division food products and petrol products which consists of two- third of the total revenue i.e. $39.4 million (Woolworths 2016). 1.Conceptual framework and AASB standard compliances Conceptual framework of accounting is an analytical tool that includes various principles and regulations to recognize and represent the accounting information in the financial statements of the organization. The primary characteristic of the conceptual framework includes prudence level, reliability and relevance of the financial information for the benefit of stakeholders. It requires the organizations to follow the prudence level while recognizing incomes and expenses along with the relevant financial information (Ball, Li and Shivakumar 2015). The purpose of preparing and presenting financial statement is to provide relevant and reliable information to the users to obtain true and fair view on the companys performance. Another requirement of conceptual framework is to follow accrual basis and going concern basis while presenting the financial report to determine the sustainability and stability of the company (Lang and Stice-Lawrence 2015). Considering the financial report of Harvey Norman, it can be said that the annual report has been prepared and presented by complying the regulations of conceptual framework. The company recorded the incomes and expenditure by considering the prudence level and on accrual basis whereas the assets and liabilities at fair value (refer appendix 1). The organization had followed AASB standards to value the assets and reporting the financial information of subsidiary groups. The company also followed the standard of AASB on foreign exchange with respect to translating the accounting information of subsidiary to determine equivalent value, which involved foreign current transactions (refer appendix 2). It has been noted that the company followed AASB standard on segment reporting to disclose the business activities based on the geographical region (Harveynorman.com.au 2016). Similarly, the financial report of Woolworths Limited has been analyzed to determine the compliance of conceptual framework and AASB standards. Increasing trend in the earnings and material disclosures on expenses represents the compliance of accrual basis and going concern basis while presenting the financial statements. The financial statement of income reflected sales revenue for the group business after providing corporate tax, which states the compliance of accounting standards and conceptual framework. Consolidated income of the company along with the consolidated profit $2,146 million has been recognized as per the AASB standards on revenue recognition (Woolworths 2016). Accrued payments during the year like financial charges and other expenses have been classified as actually paid and outstanding payment to recognize in the income stamen and balance sheet respectively. Interim dividend, which is paid has been recorded in the income statement whereas dividend payable in the ba lance sheet as liability reflects the compliance of conceptual framework. For the purpose of setting standard is to provide uniform principles and regulations for accounting in public interest to present the accountable and transparent financial statements. Similarly, international accounting provides the uniform regulations to recognize the financial information in terms of value and methods so that performance of the company can be evaluated in equivalent form (Chauvey et al. 2015). Accordingly, Harvey Norman followed the consolidation standards and equivalent amount of foreign currency in Australian Dollar terms while Woolworths Limited also follows the international accounting system to present the standalone and consolidated financial information. 2.Prudence level addressing the Corporate Reporting disparity Prudence level refers to the recognition of accounting statements by applying the reasonable estimates for incomes and expenses following the conservative approach. Prudence level of accounting conceptual framework states that the incomes or revenues are not recognized by overestimating while the expenses or expected losses are not recognized by underestimating. However, corporate reporting provides the recognition and disclosure of accounting information for integrated reporting, comprehensive reporting, corporate governance and sustainability reporting (Tracey 2015). It is essential for the listed companies to consider the capital market requirements for trading of equity securities and long- term debt by complying the financial regulations and other market regulatory system. Besides, Normative Accounting is a theory required to be followed by organizations to present the economic value of the organization in subsequent years beneficial for the investors or company itself (Barker 2 015). The annual report of Harvey Norman discloses the performance level, financial position and material disclosure along with the relationship strength in terms of consumers, community, investors and other stakeholders. It reflects the comprehensive income attributable to the owners $278 million while that to minority owners $2 million during the year 2015 and the earnings per share of the company was 24.51 cents which provides the positive performance and economic value to the investors (Harveynorman.com.au 2016). Besides, Annual report of Woolworths Limited provides the material disclosure with respect to the financial performance, financial position along with the measurement to provide economic value to the consumers. The company also provided the statement for corporate governance representing the shareholding and respective values for the equity capital considering the top 20 shareholders (refer appendix 5). It is essential to revise the conceptual framework applicable to the financial information of the company over the period to evaluate the provisional losses and expenses. Standard rates, limitations of the specific organizational value based on the income benchmark should be analyzed to remove the disparity in corporate reporting (Woolworths 2016). Accordingly, Harvey Norman recognized the services value with respect to the employees for the reporting period following the cost rates for recording lease provisions based on the inflation rates, investment return and other administrative expenses. Moreover, financial report of Woolworths estimated the expenses for employee benefits, insurance and restructuring expenses based on 12 months for annual leave and long- service leave considering the discounting rate 3.dentification of differences in corporation disclosures Recognition of financial report of Harvey Norman and Woolworths are similar and identical while there are certain differences in presenting the organizational resources value and other expenses. Financial statements of Harvey Norman do not cover a specific report on the material business risk whereas Woolworths Limited constitutes a particular report stating the material business risk. Additionally, annual report of Harvey Norman constitutes certain theory on Normative accounting, Positive accounting along with the capital market presentation which is not presented in the annual report of Woolworths Limited. Difference on estimates and judgments to determine the financial value of income statements and financial position, which is based on historical cost and the current market conditions in the financial report of Woolworths Limited (Woolworths 2016). On the contrary, Harvey Norman followed the estimates for recognizing the value of assets and other resources based on future events including the recognition of provision or borrowing repayments of accounting information (Harveynorman.com.au 2016). It has been observed that the specific details on financial information to evaluate the efficiency has not been presented in the financial report of Woolworths with respect to capital funds, borrowing and other operational expenses. Segment reporting in accordance with AASB is required to be provided by the organizations to reflect the performance with respect to geographical region, business diversification and production and income level as per different locations. Accordingly, segment reporting of Harvey Norman provides brief segment disclosure on the product trading and product incomes and other costs (Harveynorman.com.au 2016). On the contrary, Woolworths Limited presented the segment reporting based on the operating and geographical details for presentation on employee benefits, lease expenses, rental payments and other costs. Further, recognition and disclosure of dividend amount of both the organization is different with respect to the interim dividend and final dividend to be paid to the shareholders for the reporting financial year (Woolworths 2016). Harvey Norman provided dividend information on interim period had been recognized as expenses along with the financial charges whereas proposed dividend h as been recognized based on the franking credit balance for the reporting period (refer appendix 7). Besides, recognition of dividend for Harvey Norman has been considered on payment basis for current years interim dividend and previous years final dividend. Dividend amount for ordinary shares, DRP shares and Treasury has been considered and recognized in separate accounting heads in Harvey Normans financial statement. Recommendation Considering the financial statements analysis of Harvey Norman and Woolworths Limited it can be recommended that the organizations follow accounting principles to present material disclosures for the use of stakeholders. It is recommended that Harvey Norman should comply the conceptual framework requirements to provide material disclosures by maintaining the reliability and relevance of the business information. Similarly, Woolworths Limited is recommended to follow the requirements of AASB standards along with the international accounting principles for recognizing accounting information. It is further recommended that Harvey Norman provide specific report to disclose the material business risk, which has been provided by Woolworths Limited. Additionally, Woolworths Limited is recommended to include theory on positive accounting or normative accounting to present the economic value of organization to the users. On the contrary, Harvey Norman is suggested to provide clear and detaile d report on segment business functions in compliance with AASB and international accounting standard. Conclusion In view of the analysis of the financial report of both the Australian retailing organizations, it can be said that the conceptual framework and accounting standards has been complied with. Apart from certain differences, both the organizations provided material disclosures and followed the concept of prudence, reliability and relevance for presenting true and fair view of the organizational performance. The organizations also complied and presented the corporate governance report along with the sustainability report and other legal regulations for the benefit of community, investors and other stakeholders. Harvey Norman and Woolworths followed the accounting standards in terms of consolidation, comprehensive income, presentation of financial information involving foreign exchange to provide uniform level of performance to the users. Such presentation and recognition would provide the users and other stakeholders in taking better business and investment decisions. Reference List and Bibliography Ball, R., Li, X. and Shivakumar, L., 2015. Contractibility and transparency of financial statement information prepared under IFRS: Evidence from debt contracts around IFRS adoption.Journal of Accounting Research,53(5), pp.915-963. Barker, R., 2015. Conservatism, prudence and the IASB's conceptual framework.Accounting and Business Research,45(4), pp.514-538. Chauvey, J.N., Giordano-Spring, S., Cho, C.H. and Patten, D.M., 2015. The normativity and legitimacy of CSR disclosure: Evidence from France.Journal of Business Ethics,130(4), pp.789-803. Christensen, H.B., Nikolaev, V.V. and Wittenberg?Moerman, R., 2016. Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), pp.397-435. Florou, A. and Kosi, U., 2015. Does mandatory IFRS adoption facilitate debt financing?.Review of Accounting Studies,20(4), pp.1407-1456. Goh, B.W., Li, D., Ng, J. and Yong, K.O., 2015. Market pricing of banks fair value assets reported under SFAS 157 since the 2008 financial crisis.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,34(2), pp.129-145. Harveynorman.com.au. 2016.Harvey Norman | Shop Online for Computers, Electrical, Furniture, Bedding, Bathrooms Flooring | Harvey Norman Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.harveynorman.com.au/ [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Lang, M. and Stice-Lawrence, L., 2015. Textual analysis and international financial reporting: Large sample evidence.Journal of Accounting and Economics,60(2), pp.110-135. Magnan, M., Menini, A. and Parbonetti, A., 2015. Fair value accounting: information or confusion for financial markets?.Review of Accounting Studies,20(1), pp.559-591. Muhammad, N., Scrimgeour, F., Reddy, K. and Abidin, S., 2015. The relationship between environmental performance and financial performance in periods of growth and contraction: evidence from Australian publicly listed companies.Journal of Cleaner Production,102, pp.324-332. Mller, M.A., Riedl, E.J. and Sellhorn, T., 2015. Recognition versus disclosure of fair values.The Accounting Review,90(6), pp.2411-2447. Nobes, C.W. and Stadler, C., 2015. The qualitative characteristics of financial information, and managers accounting decisions: evidence from IFRS policy changes.Accounting and Business Research,45(5), pp.572-601. Tracey, E., 2015. Discussion of Conservatism, prudence and the IASB's conceptual frameworkby Richard Barker (2015).Accounting and Business Research,45(4), pp.539-542. Woolworths 2016.Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. Available at:https://www.woolworths.com.au/[Accessed 30 Nov. 2016].